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How Do Radiant Ceilings Work?

A radiant ceiling typically uses ceiling panels made from a high-energy absorptive material and utilizes chilled water for cooling and hot water for heating. During cooling, the ceiling panels will absorb heat radiated from any object within view of the panels. When heating, the panels radiate heat to all the objects cooler than it within view of the panel. This is the same process as the Sun radiating heat and light to all objects within view of it. When cooling, small convection currents are created from warm air rising than falling as it contacts the cool ceiling surface and cools.

 

Graphic courtesy of Invensys
 

The hydronic piping is bonded directly to the invisible side of the panels; the panels are essentially heat exchangers between the conditioned water and the room. This water is then chilled or heated in another location and circulated back through the panels.

 

Cooling Capabilities

Metal chilled ceilings respond very quickly to changing loads, typically cooling to operating temperature within 15 minutes of being turned on. Plasterboard radiant ceiling on the other hand has a much lower thermal conductivity and can take 4 times longer. The conditioning is much more evenly distributed than forced air systems which create localized drafts.

 

Graphic courtesy of Invensys
 
    Benefits of Radiant Systems:
   
  • Controls For Chilled Ceilings
    Radiant cooling controls are designed to control both the room temperature and prevent condensation on the chilled ceiling panel surface. A two-way valve is controlled to permit more or less water to flow through the system. This supply water is kept at a constant temperature. To prevent condensation buildup the supply valve is closed as soon as the temperature reaches dew point as measured by a humidity sensor. Besides this technique of avoiding condensation there is also measures taken by conditioning the intake air removing some humidity and dropping the dew point temperature below the temperature of the chilled water pipes. Both temperature and humidity levels must be monitored to achieve this.

  • Connection Between Panels
    Flexible hydraulically connected hoses connect the ceiling panel pipes together. The panels are typically hinged to the ceiling structure and can be easily dropped down for access to the ceiling space.

  • Aesthetic Features
    Radiant Ceilings come in an array of shapes and sizes thus giving the architect a palette to create a unique ceiling design and provide a cooling/heating component at the same time.
    - 2x2 ceilings to fit into acoustical tiles
    - hard lid ceiling
    - open ceiling in between joists
    - custom ceiling designs
    - Easy to access ceiling space and disconnect radiant panel with flexible connection pieces
     
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